It consisted of Auschwitz I, the main camp ( Stammlager) in Oświęcim Auschwitz II-Birkenau, a concentration and extermination camp with gas chambers Auschwitz III-Monowitz, a labor camp for the chemical conglomerate IG Farben and dozens of subcamps. Mainly Jews, Poles, Romani, Soviet prisoners of warĪuschwitz prisoners: Adolf Burger, Edith Eger, Anne Frank, Viktor Frankl, Imre Kertész, Maximilian Kolbe, Primo Levi, Fritz Löhner-Beda, Irène Némirovsky, Tadeusz Pietrzykowski, Witold Pilecki, Liliana Segre, Edith Stein, Simone Veil, Rudolf Vrba, Alfréd Wetzler, Elie Wiesel, Else Ury, Eddie Jaku, Władysław BartoszewskiĪuschwitz Birkenau, German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)Īuschwitz concentration camp ( German: Konzentrationslager Auschwitz ( pronounced ( listen)) also KL Auschwitz or KZ Auschwitz) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. Bottom: Auschwitz II-Birkenau gatehouse the train track, in operation May–October 1944, led directly to the gas chambers.
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